d. Degree of Comparison Positive Using as….as - To compare two things that are equal. - as…as is placed after the to be (am/are/is/was/were) Comparative Using –er than (for one – syllable adjectives) or more ….. than (for adjectives of two syllables) - To compare two things that are not equal. - er than or more …. than is placed after the to be (am/are/is/was/were) Superlative Using the… -est (for one – syllable adjectives) or the most …. (for adjectives of two syllables) - To compare one thing with two or more other things - The …. Est or the most …… is placed after the to be (am/are/is/was/were) Articles :
Don't Let a Home Business Cost You Your Family by: Craig Binkley Does the title of this article sound funny to you? To some, it may not only seem funny but downright silly. To others, it may be offensive also. On the surface, it does sound like a funny topic for an article. When we look deeper, it can be a very serious problem that needs to be addressed.
Now I’m sure that most of us have either heard, or even personally known a family that has been damaged because the husband/father pours all of his time and efforts into a job or career. His wife never sees him. His children don’t know him. He may try to make up for it with all kinds of “worldly” gifts, when all the while what is really needed is him to be there.
I know what you are thinking. This couldn’t, or shouldn’t, happen with a home based business. I am here to tell you that it not only can, but also it does. It doesn’t matter if the husband/father is devoting all his time to his career away from the home or tucked away in his cozy office at home. The outcome is going to be the same.
The question that needs to asked is “How can a father/husband run a home based business, at times while still working full-time outside the home, without causing irreparable damage to his marriage and family?” Hopefully, the following things will help him keep his priorities in line and not be “sucked in” to the “succeed at all costs” mentality that is so prevalent in this day and age.
1) The most important recommendation I can offer, the reason it is at the top of my list, is to trust in God to provide. If we learn to trust HIM rather than feeling that is all up to us, the better off we will be (I used to struggle with this BIG time). 2) If you are building a home business while working outside the home, you MUST understand that your family needs you. I’m not talking about being able to purchase the newest home video center to keep everyone busy either. Set aside some time to spend with the family. Make your wife feel special (surprise her with a rose) and remember that you kids are only kids FOR A SHORT WHILE.
3) Set your goals according to the items listed in #2 above. Don’t let your goals run your life. Goals are important, but they are worthless if you lose your family in the pursuit of them.
4) Try to get your wife and/or children involved in your business. The home should be a place of commerce. Children are a blessing, not a curse. Let them bless your business. Our oldest daughter has designed her own line of jewelry that we sell on our website. It started as a hobby, and then naturally progressed into a small business. Let your children do things for you, even if it is just filing papers or searching a topic on the Internet that you may need. Make them feel like they are a part of the business and it will go a long way to keeping your family together.
There are many other things that can be done to keep your home business from adversely affecting your marriage and family life. Some of them are OBVIOUS while others are not. A good rule of thumb is to remember that your family should be the most important thing in your life next to your relationship with God. If you keep this in mind, and work your business with this as your primary “goal”, not only will you not cause damage, but I truly believe you will be blessed in whatever endeavor you are undertaking.
Verb form in “IF CLAUSE” Verb form in “RESULT CLAUSE” Meaning I. Present Tense Future Tense Real in Present/ future
II. Past Tense Past future Unreal in present / future
III. Past Perfect Past Future Perfect Unreal in Past
NOTE : In writing conditional sentence, we may put the “IF Clause” before the “Result Clause” and vice versa. However we must put comma (,) at the end of the “Result Clause” if the “IF Clause” is put before the “Result Clause”. Also, the meaning of the fact must be on the countrary with the conditional sentence. So, if the conditional sentence is in positive form, the fact will be in negative one and vice versa.
Article:
2010 Nissan Altima Sedan Test Drive Review by: Mac Demere
"My, how you have grown!" When you test drive the 2010 Nissan Altima, avoid sounding like a clueless uncle greeting an adult niece at Thanksgiving dinner. If, like much of America, it's been a while since you've been in the market for a sedan—rather than an SUV—it'll be tempting to repeat that familiar Turkey Day refrain. (Thanksgiving is a wonderful holiday that reminds us why we no longer live with some people.)
The four-door Altima Sedan comes as the 2.5 CVT, 2.5 S and 3.5 SR CVT. Also, under the Altima umbrella is the Altima Coupe and Altima Hybrid sedan. (We'll leave the coupe and hybrid sedan for future reviews.) Here's how to decode Nissan's model nomenclature. The "2.5" indicates the car is fitted with a very strong 175-horsepower, 2.5-liter, four-cylinder. The "3.5" means it enjoys the awesome 270-horsepower 3.5-liter V6 engine. All Altimas are fitted with a "CVT," which stands for "continuously variable transmission." More on CVTs later. Prices start around $20,000 and go to almost $30,000 for the gas-engine cars.
If you're looking for a very roomy, affordable sedan, consider the 2.5 CVT. If you're willing to pay a bit more for Nissan's sporty feel, the 2.5 S CVT is an excellent choice. Those who like to go BMW hunting in the stoplight Grand Prix or on a curvy back road will be very entertained by the 270-horsepower 3.5 SR CVT.
Changes for 2010 feature a more assertive grille, hood and front bumper cover. Inside, the Altima gets new fabrics. Electronic stability control, which Nissan calls VDC, now comes on all Altimas, but that's not too newsy as it will soon be government-required on all passenger vehicles. The 3.5 SR CVT (formerly called the SE) now comes with high-intensity discharge headlights.
Rather than physically changing gears like a conventional automatic, a CVT uses a belt and pulley system. It's designed to keep the engine at its most-efficient speed for the task required, regardless of whether that's optimum fuel mileage during highway cruising or maximum acceleration for merging into traffic. Few drivers will notice a difference between a CVT and a regular automatic, except for improved fuel economy and strong acceleration. Gearheads: The Altima's CVT also employs a small gearset to increase its effective ratio range. Don't take this too hard, gearheads, but the CVT does a far better job of maximizing the engine's performance than you could with a manual transmission.
The four-cylinder delivers 23 miles per gallon in the government's city driving test and a very impressive 32 mpg on the highway. The V6 is rated at 20 mpg in the city and 27 on the highway. Altimas are made in Tennessee and Mississippi.
The 2010 Altima received "Good" crash safety ratings by the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) in both front offset and side impact tests. In the government's crash test studies, the Altima Sedan scored high marks—five stars—in both driver and passenger frontal impacts, as well as side driver impacts, and four out of five stars in the rollover category and side rear passenger impact test.
If you're thinking about ditching the SUV for a spacious and sporty sedan, think about the 2010 Altima.
Adjective clauses are also called relative clause. An adjective clause consists of a subject and a predicate that modifies a preceding noun or pronoun (its antecedent). Keep in mind that the introductory word who or that refers to a person, which or that to a thing, when to a time, where to a place, why to a reason.
Noun Antecedent Introductory words Illustrative sentences
1. A person who, whom, whose Subject:
He paid the money to the man who had done the work
Object:
He paid the man whom he had hired.
Object of prepositions:
He paid the man from whom he had borrowed the money .
Possessive:
This is the girl whose picture you saw.
2. A thing which, of which Subject:
Here is a book which describes animals.
Object:
The cair which he broke he is being repaired. Object of prepositions:
She was wearing the coat for which she had paid $ 2.000.
Possessive:
That tree, the branches of which are almost bare, is a very old one.
3. A time when This is the time when the Olympic Games are held.
4. A place where Here is the house where I
Live.
5. A reason why Give me one good reason why you did that.
To give clear descriptions about the functions of the introductory words above, let’s see the following :
a) Person as the subject of the adjective clause
He paid the money to the man who had done the work.
• He paid the money to the man.
• The man had done the work.
Subject
The word “The man ” in this example is functioning as the subject of the adjective clause. It can be seen from the position of “The man ” in the second sentences, that is “The man had done work.”
b) Person as the object of verb in the adjective clause
He paid the man whom he had hired.
• He paid the man.
• He had hired the man
Object
The word “The man ” in this example is functioning as the object of the adjective clause. It can be seen from the position of “the man ” in the second sentence, that is, “he had hired the man”.
c) Person as the object of Preposition in the adjective clause
He paid the man from whom he had borrowed the money.
• He paid the man.
• He had borrowed the money from the man
Prep.
d) Person as the object of Possesive in the adjective clause
• This is the girl.
• You saw her picture.
possesive
e) Things as the Subject of the adjective clause
Here is a book which describe animals.
• Here is a book.
• The book describe animals.
subject
f) Things as the object of the adjective clause
The chair which he broke is being repaired.
• The chair is being repaired.
• He broke the chair.
Object
g) Things as the object of Preposition in the adjective clause
She was wearing the coat for which she had paid $ 2.000
• She was wearing the coat.
• She had paid for the coat $2.000
Articles:
Skin Firming Face Cream-Top Tips to Tighten Skin by: Margaret Bell
What makes a firming face cream work? Will it work for you? This article will fully answer those questions plus give you some top tips to tighten your face skin.
The best skin firming neck and face cream consists of ingredients that really work.
A neck and face cream to be safe and effective will have plant and other natural compounds. Much of the heavily advertised skin products have ingredients that can damage your face, neck and body skin. This article will alert you to some of what is good and what is bad in skin care products.
Harmful Ingredients
One of the biggest offenders found in skin firming cream is petrolatum. Petrolatum, also known as, petroleum jelly is commonly used in just about everything. It is really a by-product from crude oil. When used on the skin it has a 'clogging' nature to the pores. Just because it feels good doesn't mean it is.
Petrolatum is usually concealed as mineral oil which sounds very healthful. Liquid petrolatum is mineral oil. It and other petroleum products have been suspected as having cancer connections. Don't use it if all possible. There are safe alternatives.
Ingredients That Are Safe
-Grape Seed Oil -Avocado Oil
An excellent ingredient for skin firming is grape seed oil. It is an antioxidant, which means it combats those free radicals that do cell damage. Free radicals can cause wrinkles. Another very good ingredient is avocado oil. Avocado oil is best used at bedtime since it is a little heavy for using during the day.
The goal in skin care is: If you look younger - you will feel younger. Firming skin or tightening skin is necessary to smoothing out skin wrinkles.
A good way, if not the best way, is to grow new skin. Protein helps do this. But as we age, skin doesn't restore as it did when younger. The body skin needs help to renew skin growth. Nutrition is vital. Applying a skin firming cream with healthful nutrients is essential. Also taking a good fish oil supplement will help inside and outside of the body.
Some Skin Firming Creams Are Useless
That sounds tough but it is true. Some are highly promoted on TV infomercials that are just plain junk. Expensive department stores hawk skin care products that smell great but have harmful fragrances. They are full of mostly synthetic ingredients that are cheap to make and do little for skin firming.
Imitation ingredients or synthetic compounds can be very dangerous. For example, paraben is a name you will find in many skin products. Paraben is a preservative to extend shelf life of the product so it doesn't spoil quickly. Parabens are under suspicion because they have been found in breast cancer patients. It is best not to use any kind of paraben; they are not necessary.
Make Better Choices
Vitamin E is a preservative that is natural and safe. You will find it in quality skin firming face and neck creams. It should be natural vitamin E not synthetic. Ask the manufacturer which one they use. Combine vitamin E with grape seed extract and you have a very powerfully effective facial and neck cream.
Another Skin Care Danger
Fragrances are used quite commonly used in many products. A fragrance is never defined by skin care producers; they are not required by law to do so, so they don't. But as it is many people are very sensitive to some fragrances. The ingredients in the fragrance are usually some concoction of chemicals to make the skin product smell good. But in fact the "smell" good can do you harm.
Fragrances often cause some people to have sneezing bouts, itchy throats and watery eyes. Around the face, neck and eyes is no place for something that will cause irritation. Avoid fragrances. Who knows what they really are doing to us. Again, read the label. Protect your health. Avoid parabens, fragrances and over the counter type products.
The best skin firming face and neck cream should have not one drop of parabens nor fragrances. It should contain real natural ingredients not synthetic ones. I hope this brief article has given you some food for thought on selecting safe skin care products especially neck and face firming creams. For more information see my website listed below for the best skin firming face cream.
c. Passive Voice
Kalimat pasif adalah suatu kalimat dimana subject dikenai tindakan/pekerjaan/perbuatan, berbeda dengan kalimat aktif dimana subject-lah yang melakukan perbutan/pekerjaan/tindakan.
Pembentukan
Pola Umum : to be + Verb 3 (past participle)
• Subject pada kalimat pasif berasal dari object pada kalimat aktif.
• ‘be….ing’ dalam kalimat aktif menjadi ‘being’ dalam bentuk pasifnya.
• Tense pada kalimat pasif mengikuti bentuk kalimat aktifnya.
• Verb 3 pada kalimat pasif dibentuk oleh verb pada kalimat aktifnya.
• Hanya kalimat transitif – kalimat yang mengandung object yang bisa dirubah kedalam bentuk pasif atau kalimat pasif hanya berlaku bagi kata kerja transitif.
• Kalimat pasif digunakan tatkala ingin menonjolkan hasil tindakan daripada pelaku tindakan tersebut.
Tenses Passive
Simple Present S + is/am/are + Verb III
Simple past S + was/were + Verb III
Present Continous S + is/am/are +being + Verb III
Past Continous S + was/were + being + Verb III
Present Perfect S + have/has + been + Verb III
Past Perfect S + had + been + Verb III
Present Modal S + can/may/have to+ be + Verb III
Past Modal S + could/might +had to + Verb III
Present Future S + will / shall + be + Verb III
Past Future S +would/should + be + Verb III
article: Nusa Lembongan - The Island of Seaweed Farmers
Nusa Lembongan (“Nusa” means Island), at 4.6 km long and up to 1.5km wide, is one of a cluster of three small islands located to the southeast of Bali – the other two are Nusa Penida (also known as Nusa Gede) and Nusa Ceningan. The people of Nusa Lembongan live in the villages of Jungut Batu and Lembongan and number around 5,000. The only way of reaching the island is by sea: from Sanur beach or Denpasar’s Tanjung Benoa harbour, or from Tribhuana harbour in the village of Kusamba, Klungkung. There is also a variety of ways of crossing to choose from, ranging from the kind of wooden boats that are used by local people to the speed boats commonly used by tourists. Strategically, Sanur beach is the most convienant to gain access to the island, due to its proximity to several tourist locations in and around Denpasar and Kuta. Means of transport for the crossing and fares per person vary quite a bit, from IDR30,000 one way on the public boat to about IDR50,000 by speed boat. The public boat makes the trip every morning at 8am while the speed boats make three trips during the day. The boats used by the local people are made from wood or fibreglass. They are quite big with bamboo outriggers on both sides for stabilization and to reduce rocking when ploughing through the waves. The boats follow Bali’s eastern shoreline and cross the Badung strait to head for Nusa Lembongan. It is a pleasant trip across fairly calm waters and the one and a half hours it takes pass quickly. From the boat I could see the white sands of the beach spread out in front of Jungut Batu village. The seaweed cultivated by the local people here was also easily visible because the seawater is so clear. Nusa Lembongan is known as the biggest seaweed producing area in Bali. Along with West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) and Central and South Sulawesi, Bali is one of the most important seaweed producing areas in Indonesia. The landscape of Nusa Lembongan, which is largely made up of gently inclined white sand, and the transparent seawater with suitably strong currents, make it ideal for the cultivation of seaweed. Since the 1990s the number of tourists visiting this island has increased rapidly and many facilities and infrastructure - including a varied choice of accommodation types - have been built. These range from bungalows and villas to guesthouses and hotels. On my way from the dock to my accommodation, I saw the houses of the local community alongside hotels and other tourist accommodation. Almost every bit of open space is used for drying seaweed. The farmers sometimes seem oblivious to the presence of tourists but they are very friendly if you get chatting to them. For getting around the island I hired a motorbike. It cost IDR75,000 for 8 hours, including petrol. You can drive it yourself or use a guide for a small additional fee. For large groups or people on a package tour, there are pick up trucks modified for sightseeing expeditions. Starting from Jungut Batu I headed south towards the village of Lembongan to take a look at the seaweed cultivation areas located on the southern side of the island along the strait that separates Nusa Lembongan from Nusa Ceningan. All along the beach the seaweed farmers come and go, unloading seedlings or loading their latest harvest of seaweed into their boats. There are a few simple buildings which are used for resting or for preparing the seedlings. The remaining open land is used for drying the seaweed. There are also some souvenir shops and food stalls. Seaweed cultivation provides a livelihood for most of Nusa Lembongan’s residents while others earn their living from the tourist trade or work for the local government. Seaweed accounts for a significant boost to the prosperity of the local communities. The most commonly grown types of seaweed are Cottonii and Spinosum. After it is harvested, the local people usually dry it and then sell it to wholesalers who pay between IDR2,000 and IDR5,000 per kilogram. From the seaweed cultivating areas of Nusa Lembongan village, I headed for the bridge that connects Nusa Lembongan to Nusa Ceningan. Being a mere metre and a half wide, this bridge can only be used by pedestrians and motorbikes. The view from this bridge is very interesting with the white sand of the seabed easily visible through the clear greenish water. A trip from here to the island of Nusa Penida would take about 30 minutes by public boat. After taking in the view from the bridge, I made my way north across Nusa Lembongan island and noticed how the land became drier with mangroves everywhere. The cultivation of corn, cassava and coconuts here is suited to this arid soil. My journey finally ended with my return to the village of Jungut Batu. The tour of the island, not including stops, takes about 30 minutes. With it being so small, one could go right around it several times in a single day. Later I headed south again to check out the panorama of the island from the top of the hill near Jungut Batu village. There I waited for the gorgeous scene when the sun is sinking below the rocks to the east of the island, a place travellers like to call Dream Beach.
Buatlah kalimat dengan tenses berikut tanpa keterangan waktu
1. Present Tense
- My mother cooks fried rice
2. Present Continous Tense - We are studying Bahasa Inggris Bisnis 2 3. Present Perfect Tense - We have killed the snake in the forest 4. Present Perfect Tense - She has eaten 5. Past Tense - We moved the cupboard beside room 6. Past Continous Tense - They were reading novels when I came 7. Past Perfect Tense - I had left before my parents came 8. Past Perfect continous Tense - He had been a busing me before I want.
Shoe makers expect hefty increase in exports this year
Mustaqim Adamrah THE JAKARTA POST/JAKARTA
A big increase in exports is expected for Indonesian footwear firms this years, with a projected surge in orders from EU and non traditional markets, a shoe producers’ association spokesman has said.
Indonesian footwear Industry Association (Aprisindo) secretary – general Binsar Marpaung said in Jakarta Tuesday that with the expected increase in orders, the country’s footwear export might increase by 17.5 percent to about US$ 2 billion this year, from about $ 1.7 billion in 2009. “We are hoping that our exports will reach at least $ 2 billion this year as orders from Europe are starting to increase. We also expect additional orders from non – traditional markets,” Binar said. He was speaking on the sidelines of a ceremony on the launching of the machinery revitalization program for the textile, footwear and leather industries, as well as sugar mills, at the Industry Ministry. He said that orders from the EU were estimated to increase this year by 10 percent compared to last year. Indonesia’s footwear exports to the EU account for around 10 percent of total Indonesian exports annually, according to Binar. The country’s footwear exports fell slightly to $ 1.7 billion last year reflecting only a minor negative impact from the global financial crisis and economic downturn which hit many parts of the world much harder during the year, Binsar said. Footwear exports rose to $ 1.93 billion in 2008 from $ 1.66 billion in 2007, according to data published recently by the textile research center Indotextiles. Indonesia is the third biggest sport shoe producing country after China and Vietnam. For leather shoes, Indonesian is believed to be the fourth largest producer after China, Vietnam, and India. Indonesia produces about 1.2 billion pairs of shoes annually with an annually growth in the sector of 10 percent. Most of the local shoe production is made up of sport shoes. Binsar said, order from the EU were increasing although the region had yet fully recover from the crisis. “In Europe each person ussualy has an average of six pairs of shoes. [Because of the crisis] the number will probably have declined to five ” he said. “Moreover, this crisis in Europe is not as bad as that in US,” he added. Binsar said Indonesian footwear producers were also aiming at “non traditional markets”, such as Northern and Eastern Europe including Sweden and Russia as well as Africa and the Middle East. “Northern European countries have specific needs. They want water – proff leather shoes to use during the winter,” he said. “We will need a special machine to produce these kind of shoes. But we can use the facilities provided in the machinery revitalization program [to buy such machines],” he added, referring to the government supporterd program. Binsar said Indonesia had actually penetrated these “non – traditional market” long ago. “But in very limited way”. He said the main obstacle in penetrating “non – traditional markets” was the incompatibility of banking systems in those countries in relation to the one in Indonesia. We are working out each other’s systems. There are lots of [export financing] schemes,” he said. According to the data issued by the Central Statistict Agency (BPS), Indonesia’a total exports dropped 14.98 percent last year to $ 116.49 billion in 2009 from $ 137.02 billion in the previous year. During 2009, non – oil and gas exports totaled only $ 97.47 billion, declining 9.66 percent from the previous year. Last year, Indonesia mostly exported industrial products, which accounted for 63.03 percent of all products shipped abroad. The rest were mining products (16.89 percent of total exports), oil and gas products (16.33 percent) and agricultural products (3.75 percent).
Besides its rich flora and fauna, Jambi has the distinction of
being the only province in Sumatra to have developed a batik industry. Right in
the heart of the city of Jambi, beyond the Batang Hari River, a few craftsmen
and women have resurrected one of the great sources of pride from the ancient
era of Jambi’s Melayu Empire - their production of batik.
My trip along the Batang Hari River took me to a neighbourhood called
Seberang Kota Jambi which is named after its location alongside and “on the
other side” of Jambi’s river. Here we can still find many dwellings built in the
traditional Jambi style. Furthermore, living in some of those old houses are
craftsmen and women who produce Jambi’s batik.
Getting to Seberang Kota Jambi from the city is pretty easy. From Angso Duo
Market, which is not far from the Governor’s residence, Seberang Kota Jambi can
be reached by crossing the Batang Hari River on a ketek (a type of boat used by
local people) which takes 10 minutes. Alternatively you can follow the river by
motor vehicle for 45 minutes and then cross it using the 1,000 metre long
Aurduri No.1 bridge. Then you turn right and head for the Mudung Laut district,
directly opposite the city of Jambi.
One of the traditional houses, characteristically raised on stilts had an
interesting name plate that caught our eye. Pengrajin Batik Jambi-Dua Putri
(makers of Jambi Batik-Two Daughters) is located in the Jelmu neighbourhood of
Mudung Laut, next to the main road, Jl. K.H. A. Madjid Rofar. Nafisah, a young
27 year old mother, gave us a warm welcome.
Together with her sister Saodah and her mother Nursiyah, she was busy making
batik on the floor of their house. The room seemed to be filled with pieces of
batik, still at the colouring stage, hanging up to dry.
According to Nafisah, every Melayu woman must have a skill such as
embroidery, weaving or making batik. The skill she has for making batik was not
handed down to her by her ancestors but instead started out as a hobby. She has
been crafting batik for only 10 years after receiving help to set herself up
from the Department of Industry.
Most of the batik she produces is sold to the people who come to visit her
house or is ordered by businesses in Jambi or even further afield.
Right now there are around 50 batik makers working under her guidance. Unlike
Javanese batik, which uses long pieces of cloth, Jambi batik usually comes in
the form of a loose robe called a sarong or as a shawl or scarf. The distinctive
Jambi colour scheme is red, blue and yellow. The time it takes to work on it,
though, is not different: a sarong or shawl takes between 15 days to a month to
finish, depending on the complexity of the motif.
I was invited to take a walk and have a look at the traditional raised houses in
the vicinity of Nafisah’s place. There are around 100 households in the Jelmu
neighbourhood in Mudung Laut. From time to time the Batang Hari River overflows
and this kampung is inundated with floodwater.
These raised houses in Jelmu are over a hundred years old and have been lived
in for more than four generations. The architecture exhibits a fusion of Melayu,
Dutch and Chinese styles which can be seen in the structure of the roof, the
columns and the doors and windows. Unfortunately, several of these houses are
now tilting and their doors have been damaged due to the earthquake that struck
Padang not so long ago. I could see women in some of the houses drying out fish
crackers they had made or working on batik.
Jambi is also renowned for being a safe and friendly city. Some women invited
us into their homes. Indeed, one even suggested we visit when there was a flood.
Being inside of one of these house-on-stilts is like being on the river. When
the floods come, the local people usually use small wodden boats to go about
their daily business and it become an interesting part of the scenery.
Nafisah is one of the young leaders in the place where she lives. In
2005-2006, she was Runner-Up in the National Youth Pioneer competition. Apart
from crafting her batik, she actively seeks out innovations to improve the
quality of her batik as well such as experimenting with natural colourings
including using the bark from a jengkol fruit - a discovery that earned her the
national award.
“I want the youth in this area to stand on their own two feet and not become
slaves to people in the city. So they need to make money for themselves,” she
said.
Although the batik has become increasingly popular, there is not so much
interest in becoming batik makers among Jambi’s youth. Nafisah has on several
occasions tried to recruit young local people to take up the craft like she has
but, typically, only one out of every ten youths she works with sticks with it.
For this reason, every time there is an batik related event in the city,
including training, Nafisah always brings young people along with her. Her hope
is that when they see the development of batik, and the economic rewards that
can be associated with it, they will become interested and want to promote Jambi
batik.
Nafisah is not afraid of competition.
“Every person is different. The handiwork of two people is never the same.
And the same goes for their livelihoods. If we are scared of people competing
with us then we cannot progress,” she said.
Much like Nafisah, Edi Sunarto, from Olak Kemang, Danau Teluk Jambi, is a
batik maker who uses natural colouring such as indigo for his craft including
those from types of wood such as marelang, lombato, tinggi, sepang and bulian.
Aside from the traditional motifs of Jambi, such as kapal sanggat, duren
pecah, Batang Hari, Angso Duo, the motifs created by Edi and his 30 craftsmen
and women always include new ones. He is always trying to make original ones
that can become trendy and popular in the marketplace, like ones depicting the
marshes and forests that are so typical of the land around Jambi. In order to
give batik lovers other alternatives, he also blends Jambi and Javanese motifs.
The History of Batik in Jambi Historically, there was a
limited amount of batik production and trade during the era of the Sultans.
Jambi batik was a kind of handicraft that could not be owned by just anyone. It
was exclusively for members of the community with social standing such as
aristocrats and royalty. With the end of the Jambi Sultanate came the dramatic
decline in batik production.
Whatever batik making that might have been going on was only being carried
out by a few elderly cratsmen and women.
During the era of Dutch colonial rule, the buzz surrounding Jambi’s batik was
revived thanks to various articles written by Dutch commentators, one of whom
was B.M. Goslings. In his article he talked about getting permission from Prof.
Vam Eerde to approach Jambi resident H.E.K. Ezermann and asking him to research
the local batik craft. In October 1928, Ezermann reported back that in Dusun
Tengah at that time there was batik production and its results were very
beautiful. (B.M. Goslings, 1928, p.141.
Accordingly, it can once again be said that, since the era of sultans in
Jambi, through the colonial period, the Japanese occupation, and even the war of
independence, the craft of batik was never one of mass production.
Since the establishment of the New Order, the founding and development of
batik production in Jambi was intensive and on a large scale. In the 1980s
Jambi’s traditional colours were in the ascendency whereas in the 1990s the
brighter colour schemes of Pekalongan and Cirebonan were used more. Nowadays,
they have reverted back to Jambi’s original batik colours.
Handmade batik from Jambi has unique and exotic characteristics, from the
point of view of colour and also motifs. Most colourings are made with natural
ingredients which are mixed with the various kinds of wood mentioned above and
substances from other plants, like palm leaves, all of which are available
locally. In addition, there are mixtures using ingredients not available in
Jambi, such as seeds from the tinggi tree and indigo leaves, which are usually
obtained from Yogyakarta.
Aside from the colouring agents used, Jambi’s handmade batik has an abundance
of motifs with bright colours that symbolize the bright and cheerful community
of Jambi. There are 31 recorded handmade batik motifs to be found such as Candi
Muaro Jambi, Kaca Piring, Puncung Rebung, Angso Duo Bersayap Mahkota, Bulan
Sabit, Pauh (mangga), Antlas (tanaman), Awan Berarak, and Riang-riang.
Kuluk or TengkulukOne of Jambi’s cultural assets is the local
women’s habit of wearing a kind of headdress known as kuluk or tengkuluk. Each
part of Jambi has its own unique style of headdress which is not only beautiful
but meaningful too. Although the tide of modernisation cannot be resisted, we
can still find tengkuluk both as a daily fashion choice and also during special
events.
To prevent tengkuluk from being wiped out by modern fashions, the Museum of
Jambi Province, in cooperation with Jambi’s Dewan Kerajinan Nasional Daerah (the
local office of the National Crafts Agency or ‘Dekranasda’), works hard to
promote their use at various opportunities. The Provincial Government of Jambi
is also currently encouraging women to wear tengkuluk on Wednesdays.
The traditional tengkuluk headdress is made by folding a piece of batik cloth
or sarong - truly unique and exotic. Getting to Jambi: Garuda Indonesia has flights making
the Jakarta-Jambi-Jakarta trip 14 times a week. Seberang Kota Jambi can be reached by ketek (small boat) which takes 10
minutes from Angso Duo Market or by motor vehicle, which takes 45 minutes, and
involves following the Batang Hari River to Aurduri No.1 bridge, crossing its 1
km span, and then turning right and heading for Mudung Laut.
Full Name : Agustin Andria Rosa
Date of Birth : August 16nd, 1988
Place of Birth : Jakarta
Age : 21 years old
Nationality : Indonesian
Address : jl. Kapuk No.33 Rt 01 Rw 002 Margonda Pondok Cina Depok 16424
Phone : 08715422022
Marital Status : Single
Religion : Moeslem
Education
FORMAL
2006
-Until now : University of Gunadarma
Mangement of Economic
2004 - 2006 : SMA DIPONOGORO 01 Rawamangun
2002 - 2004 : SLTPN 119 Harapan Jaya Jakrta
1996 - 2002 : SDN 05 Pagi Jakarta
Non Formal
* Market Capital course at University of Gunadarma
Jumat, 12 Februari 2010
Asuransi Jiwa Merupakan Wujud Cinta
Penulis :Septi Susanti
Ketika kondisi kedepan sulit sekali untuk diprediksi, maka yakinkan diri kita bahwa hari ini kita telah berfikir untuk antisipasi kemungkinan tak terduga dimasa depan.
Tidak pesimis adalah jawaban yang paling penting !
Terlalu banyak orang yang selalu terjebak pada kondisi yang tidak pernah berubah, hanya karena mereka pesimis. Ketahuilah bahwa pesimis merupakan salah satu musuh terbesar kita.
Banyak cara yang bisa dilakukan guna mengantisipasi kondisi yang sulit diprediksi dimasa depan dan salah satu cara terbaik adalah dengan mengasuransikan diri kita pada perusahaan asuransi terpercaya seperti sequislife.
Asuransi Jiwa merupakan salah satu bukti cinta kita pada keluarga, pada orang-orang yang kita cintai agar kondisi mereka tetap terjamin saat kita menghadapi kondisi yang serba sulit. Untuk itu hari ini, yuk kita berfikir kembali untuk dapat mengambil manfaat asuransi jiwa guna kepentingan orang yang kita cintai.
Bila Ibu, Bapak merasa sulit atau bingung mengambil keputusan untuk berasuransi, misalnya saja perihal anggaran yang tersedia tidak memadahi, atau bingung memilih asuransi yang dapat dipercaya...lupakan itu dulu....segera hubungi saya yah, Insya Allah saya akan bantu paling tidak untuk saling berbagi, agar selangkah demi selangkah keputusan itu dapat diambil dengan mudah.
Ketika saya melihat 3 anak saya tersenyum hari ini, ada suatu kesyukuran dalam hati bahwa senyuman itu Insya Allah akan terus ada, karena saya telah diasuransikan. Dan itulah salah satu bukti cinta terindah saya kepada keluarga.
Yuk kita sayangi dan cintai keluarga kita dan pastikan salah satu bukti cinta kita adalah dengan ikut Asuransi Jiwa.
alamat: http://www.asuransijiwa.net/page_info.php?id_ktgbr=17&id_brt=50
Angga Aditya Permana1, Arif Djunaidy 1, Erma Suryani1
1 Fakultas Teknologi Informasi,
Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), Surabaya, 60111, Indonesia
E-mail : arif@its-sby.edu
Abstrak - Asuransi angkutan laut adalah pengalihan resiko terhadap suatu barang yang menggunakan jasa angkutan laut. Salah satu bagian terpenting dalam asuransi angkutan laut berkaitan dengan tariff premi asuransi yang akan dibebankan kepada tertanggung. Selama ini perhitungan tarif premi di perusahaan PT. Tugu Pratama Indonesia cabang Surabaya menggunakan perangkat lunak Excel yang melibatkan data-data yang cukup besar dan kompleks. Pengolahan data-data dalam perangkat lunak Excel dilakukan secara manual, sehingga membutuhkan ketelitian dalam pengolahan dan perhitungannya. Untuk itu perlu dibuat sebuah aplikasi yang akan memudahkan pihak manajemendalam melakukan perhitungan tarif premi.
Dalam Tugas Akhir ini dibuat aplikasi perhitungan tarif premi yang bergantung kepada pencatatan asuransi dan faktor-faktornya. Faktor-faktor yang terlibat antara lain yaitu barang yang diasuransikan (subject matter of insured), pengepakan (packing), polis yang diasuransikan (coverage), pengangkutan (conveyance), dan pelayaran (voyage). Terdapat tiga tahapan dalam pembuatn Tugas Akhir. Tahapan yang pertama yaitu analisis faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh dan ketentuan perhitungan tarif premi. Tahap ini dilakukan melalui wawancara dengan beberapa pihak di perusahaan PT. Tugu Pratama Indonesia. Tahap kedua yatu desain aplikasi berdasarkan hasil tahap analisis dengan menggunakan UML (Unified Modelling Language). Tahap ketiga yaitu tahap implementasi hasil desain dengan menggunakan Microsoft Visual Basic 6 untuk pembuatan program aplikasi dan dengan menggunakan Microsoft Access untuk implementasi basis datanya.
Aplikasi perhitungan tarif premi yang dibuat dapat membantu manajemen perusahaan PT. Tugu Pratama Indonesia cabang Surabaya dalam melakukan perhitungan untuk menetukan tarif premi asuransi. Hasil uji coba aplikasi menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi yang dibuat telah dapat memenuhi apa yang diinginkan oleh pengguna.
Kata Kunci : Asuransi angkutan laut, barang yang diasuransikan, pengepakan, polis yang diasuransikan, pengangkutan, pelayaran.
1.PENDAHULUAN
Dalam sebuah tingkatan perusahaan asuransi terdapat bagian tarif premi yang sangat dibutuhkan oleh pembuatan keputusan. Perusahaan Asuransi PT. Tugu Pratama Indonesia cabang Surabaya merupakan salah satu perusahaan asuransi terhadap suatu perusahaan bukan individu. Pemberian tarif premi ini sangat berpengaruh pada perputaran uang yang dilakukan oleh perusahaan asuransi tersebut dengan demikian pemutusan besar kecilnya statu tarif premi asuransi akan sangat penting. Perhitungan ini sangat dibutuhkan pada sistem dikarenakan resiko yang muncul akibat dari persetujuan dan tarif premi asuransi tersebut. Resiko yang muncul yaitu terjadinya klaim asuransi yang disebabkan karena kerusakan dan kerugian yang disebabkan oleh alam atau faktor – faktor lainnya. Penggunaan perhitungan dalam perusahaan sangat dibutuhkan untuk menghitung faktor-faktor apa saja yang diperlukan oleh perusahaan dalam menentukan besar kecilnya tarif premi.
Tujuan dibuatnya Aplikasi Perhitungan Tarif Premi Asuransi adalah untuk mengelola dan mengkomputerisasi tarif premi asuransi sehingga akan semakin dapat mengikuti perkembangan jaman yang mengarah ke paperless serta agar dapat dimanfaatkan sebaik-baiknya oleh pihak manajemen dan pembuat keputusan. Aplikasi sistem pendukung keputusan untuk pihak manajemen yang digunakan menghitung untuk menentukan jumlah premi yang harus dibayar oleh pelanggan/klien. Sistem yang akan diimplementasikan ini diharapkan mampu menjadi salah satu sumber informasi yang dibutuhkan pihak manajemen untuk menjalankan tugasnya sebagai pemberi keputusan untuk penentuan tarif premi asuransi.
Tujuan dari tugas akhir ini adalah merancang dan membuat sebuah aplikasi untuk menghitung tarif premi asuransi. Sehingga manfaat yang didapat yaitu agar pihak manajemen atau pembuat keputusan dapat mengetahui jumlah tarif premi yang akan dibebankan kepada pelanggan/klien. Selain itu agar memudahkan pihak manajemen dalam memberikan keputusan yang tepat, efektif dan efisien. Tugas akhir yang dikerjakan secara garis besar merupakan sebuah analisis tentang tariff premi. Masukan untuk analisis ini berupa data – data yang nantinya akan diproses melalui database dan hasilnya akan diberikan kepada pembuat keputusan dengan menggunakan antarmuka aplikasi. Data-data yang telah terdapat pada perusahaan asuransi akan dibuat suatu model yang dimungkinkan masukan dari pengguna akan mudah diproses oleh model tersebut. Data-data tersebut nantinya menjadi suatu constraint naupun fungsi objective dengan constanta dan variable yang telah terdapat pada perusahaan asuransi dalam hal ini pada perusahaan asuransi PT. Tugu Pratama Indonesia cabang Surabaya. Perusahaan yang menggunakan jasa kargo angkutan laut pada perusahaan Tugu Pratama Indonesia cabang Surabaya merupakan perusahaan yang menggunakan kapal atau angkutan laut sebagai transportasi. Resiko-resiko yang akan dipertimbangkan atau faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi rate premi adalah
a. Jenis penutupan
• Asuransi atas pengiriman barang-barang dari pulau ke pulau (interseluler).
• Asuransi atas pengiriman barang-barang dari luar negeri ke Indonesia (import).
• Asuransi atas pengiriman barang-barang dari Indonesia ke luar negeri (export).
b. Jenis barang yang diasuransikan
• Muatan bukan pilihan, yaitu barang – barang yang umumnya dianggap memiliki kemungkinan besar untuk mengalami kerusakan selama pengangkutan.
• Muatan pilihan, yaitu barang yang pada umumnya dapat dianggap tidak mempunyai kemungkinan banyak untuk mengalami keusakan.
c. Syarat-syarat (kondisi) pertanggungan
Besarnya premi penutupan terutama tergantung pada luasnya resiko yang dijamin. Prasyaratan-prasyaratan tersebut antara lain:
• Instutute Cargo Clause (C)
• Instutute Cargo Clause (B)
• Instutute Cargo Clause (A), dll
Kalau ditambahakan perluasan resiko War (perang) dan Strikes (pemogokan), maka ada tambahan premi dan dilekatkan “Instutute War Clause (C)” (cargo) dan “Instutute Strike Clause (C)”
d. Jenis-jenis kapal
• Apakah sudah memenuhi “classification clause”, apakah ada OAS (Over Age Surchage).
• umur dan jenis kapal pengangkut tersebut.
e. Jangka Waktu Pertanggungan
• Penutupan asuransi barang yang diangkut dengan kapal didasarkan kepada voyage policy, kemudian diperluas meliputi dari gudang pengiriman ke gudang penerima.
• Jangka waktu setiap saat dapat diperpanjang dengan membayar tambahan premi. Tugas akhir ini melakukan implemetasi penentuan tarif premi asuransi dengan data-data transaksional sebagai achieve dan dibandingkan dengan parameter-parameter yang disetujui oleh perusahaan. Bagian 2 menjelaskan asuransi angkutan laut, sistem, perhitungan dan metode untuk menghitng tarif premi asuransi. Bagian 3 mendeskripsikan proses bisnis perusahaan. Bagian 4 mendeskripsikan desain dan implementasi sistem. Bagian 4 menerangkan hasil uji coba. Bagian 6 menyajikan simpulan dan saran.
2. Asuransi Angkutan Laut
Asuransi angkutan laut merupakan salah satu bentuk asuransi yang terdapat pada perusahaan asuransi Tugu Pratama Indonesia. Asuransi angkutan laut ini melibatkan penggunaan jasa perkapalan dalam pengiriman barang, dengan kata lain asuransi ini merupakan pengalihan resiko yang terjadi dalam pengiriman suatu barang yang menggunakan jasa angkutan laut. Proses dalam
asuransi angkutan laut dapat dilihat pada gambar 2.1. Pada gambar tersebut seorang tertanggung
mengasuransikan barangnya ke perusahaan asuransi Tugu Pratama serta ke perusahaan pengiriman barang. Perusahaan pengiriman barang bertugas untuk mengirim barang dari port asal menuju port tujuan dengan atau tidak melewati port tanshipment menggunakan jasa angkutan laut yaitu kapal A.
Dunia asuransi, khususnya dalam asuransi angkutan laut, terdapat tiga dasar-dasar pokok. Dasar-dasar pokok yang menjadi prinsip (principles) asuransi angkutan laut itu adalah [TP- 05] yaitu
a. Bahwa calon tertanggung hanya boleh menutup asuransi atas barang atau suatu tanggung jawab apabila ia mempunyai kepentingan atas benda tersebut (harus ada principles of insurable Interest).
b. Penutupan asuransi itu baru dianggap berlaku atau syah apabila dilakukan atas dasar itikad baik (principles of utmost good faith).
c. Dasar penggantian kepada tertanggug dalam hal kerugian setinggi-tingginya adalah sebesar kerugian yang dideritanya (principles of indemnity).
d. Apabila tertanggung telah mendapat penggantian dari salah satu pihak atas dasar indemnity, ia tidak berhak lagi memperoleh dari pihak lain, walaupun jelas bahwa pihak lain itu bertanggung jawab pula atas kerugian. Penggantian dari pihak lain harus diserahkan pada asuransi yang telah memberikan indemnity (principles of subrogation).
Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi premi asuransi angkutan laut adalah faktor yang dapat mengakibatkan sebuah resiko muncul. Asuransi adalah pengalihan resiko yang terjadi selama perjalanan pengiriman barang. Beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi besar kecilnya tarif premi, yaitu
a. Barang yang diasuransikan
Barang yang diasuransikan (Subject Matter of Insured) yaitu barang tertanggung yang akan diasuransikan kepada penanggung. Jenis barang dan banyaknya barang akan mempengaruhi besarnya rate yang nantinya akan menghasilkan premi asuransi. Jenis barang ini dapat dibagi menjadi dua yaitu barang yang dapat dinilai dengan harga dan barang yang tidak dapat dinilai dengan harga. Sebagai contoh barang lukisan, sebuah lukisan tidak semua orang dapat menilainya dengan harga tertentu tergantung dengan rasa seni (taste of art) masing-masing individu. Barang yang tidak dapat dinilai dengan harga ini untuk penentuan nilai harganya dapat dinegosiasikan terlebih dahulu antara kedua belah pihak yaitu tertanggung dan penanggung. Barang yang diasuransikan juga mencakup jenis mata uang pada waktu transaksi asuransi berjalan dan pada waktu penilaian barang asuransi. Jenis mata uang ini juga mempengaruhi besarnya premi yang dibebankan.
b. Pengepakan barang
Pengepakan barang (packing) yaitu jenis kemasan dari barang-barang yang akan diasuransikan, serta jenis kontainer yang digunakan untuk pengiriman. Masing-masing kemasan barang mempunyai rate tertentu dalam menghitung tarif premi. Jenis kontainer ini dapat terbagi menjadi tiga jenis yaitu kontainer muatan penuh (Full Container Load), kontainer muatan tidak penuh (Less Than Load), dan tidak memakai kontainer. Kontainer muatan penuh yang dimaksud adalah satu kontainer hanya terdapat barang-barang milik satu pemilik saja, sedangkan kontainer muatan tidak penuh yaitu satu kontainer yang berisikan barang-barang lebih dari satu pemilik.
c. Resiko yang diasuransikan
Resiko yang diasuransikan (coverage) yaitu jenis resiko-resiko yang akan dialihkan selama pengiriman barang. Jenis-jenis resiko ini sudah ditentukan dan ditetapkan secara internasional. Contoh dari resiko yang diasuransikan yaitu resiko perang, Jika selama perjalanan pengiriman barang terjadi perang yang mengakibatkan kerugian terhadap tertanggung maka penanggung harus mengganti kerugian sesuai dengan kesepakatan.
d. Pengangkutan
Pengangkutan (Conveyance) yaitu jenis-jenis pengangkutan dalam hal ini adalah kapal – kapal yang akan digunakan baik itu kapal yang telah terdaftar maupun tidak. Selain jenis-jenis kapal juga bukti-bukti pengiriman dan pemilikan barang asuransi (seperti nomor pengepakan, faktur pembelian barang, dan lain-lain). Jenis rute pelayaran kapal juga mempengaruhi pengangkutan. Jenis rute palayaran ini dapat dibagi menjadi dua jenis yaitu rute pelayaran yang rutin maupun rute pelayaran yang berbeda. Pengangkutan juga dipengaruhi oleh status kapal yang digunakan dalam pengiriman barang. Sebagai contoh status kapal yaitu apakah kapal tersebut milik tertanggung sendiri atau kapal sewaan.
e. Perjalanan
Perjalanan (voyage) yaitu pelayaran pengiriman barang yang diasuransikan mulai dari pelabuhan (port) asal sampai pelabuhan tujuan baik singgah (transhipment) terlebih dahulu maupun tidak.
Sedangkan perhitungan tarif premi yang dibebankan terhadap seorang tertanggung adalah sebagai berikut
3. Proses Bisnis Perusahaan
Pada awalnya pendirian perusahaan misi utama Tugu Pratama Indonesia adalah lebih diarahkan pada penutupan harta milik dan kepentingan para pemegang sahamnya terutama dalam bidang minyak dan gas bumi, akan tetapi dalam perjalannnya, walaupun Tugu Pratama Indonesia masih menspesialisasikan dirinya sebagai perusahaan yang kegiatan utamanya dibidang minyak dan gas bumi akan tetapi juga mengembangkan penutupan semua jenis asuransi kerugian dalam rangka memberikan jasa penutupan asuransi yang dibutuhkan dalam masyarakat serta penyebaran resiko dan pengembangan usahanya. Sebagai lembaga keuangan non-bank Tugu Pratama Indonesia dalam menghimpun dana yang bersumber dari penerimaan premi asuransi melakukan kegiatan investasi disektor-sektor yang produktif sehingga membantu dalam pengembangan usaha dan ekonomi nasional. Usaha ini membuahkan hasil yang cukup berarti terutama dalam sector perasuransian yang bukan saja bergerak secara eksternal horizontal dan vertikalakan tetapi juga menciptakan suatu mekanisme pasar baru yang memiliki daya saing dan peranan yang kuat dala
menghadapi persaingan pasar asuransi serta ditunjang oleh sektor-sektor lainnya. Struktur kepemilikan saham dalam PT. Tugu Pratama Indonesia adalah 45% dimiliki oleh Pertamina, 20% oleh Dana Pensiun Pertamina, dan sisanya (35%) oleh Nusa Ampera Bhakti. Kantor cabang
PT. Tugu Pratama Indonesia di Surabaya, struktur organisasinya dipimpin oleh seorang kepala cabang yang jabatannya setara dengan senior manager dan mempunyai tiga seksi, yaitu
a. Seksi Pemasaran
b. Seksi Administrasi dan Supporting Unit
c. Seksi Technical Unit
a. Seksi Pemasaran
Kegiatan pemasaran untuk kantor cabang Surabaya akan dibagi menjadi tiga subseksi lagi yang didasarkan pada market yang ditangani yaitu bisnis bank, bisnis non bank yang meliputi Kegiatan pemasaran untuk kantor cabang Surabaya akan dibagi menjadi tiga subseksi lagi yang didasarkan pada market yang ditangani yaitu bisnis bank, bisnis non bank yang meliputi broker dan coorporate, dan bisnis retail.
b. Seksi Adinistrasi dan Supporting Unit
Tugas seksi ini melakukan fungsi pencatatan dan penyajian data keuangan dalam bentuk laporan keuangan cabang Surabaya yang nantinya akan digunakan untuk kebutuhan kantor pusat dalam penyajian laporan keuangan perusahaan. Disamping itu, seksi ini menangani kebutuhan arus uang masuk dan keluar dalam rangka mempertahankan kesinambungan kegiatan usaha serta mempersiapkan dokumen-dokumen pendukung atas penerimaan maupun pengeluaran perusahaan serta menangani masalah sumber daya manusia yang terdapat di PT. Tugu Pratama Indonesia, baik aspek penggajian, pendidikan dan latihan, jenjang karir, dan segala hal yang menyangkut fungsi kepersonaliaan.
c. Seksi Technical Unit
Seksi technical unit merupakan akseptasi dan merupakan unit pendukung seksi pemasaran dalam melakukan usaha memberikan tarif premi yang kompetitif dan selaras dengan pembuatan polis asuransi yang sehat serta memperhatikan kapasitas akseptasi cabang Surabaya yang ditetapkan oleh kantor pusat. Selain itu, seksi ini juga menangani proses ganti rugi dari tertanggung, mulai dari penyiapan laporan kerugian sementara, dokumen pendukung serta menyelesaikan baik ditingkat cabang Surabaya atau harus melalui kantor pusat yang berhubungan dengan penaksir dalam tuntutan kerugian asuransi (loss adjuster)
4. Desain dan Implementasi Sistem
Analisis kebutuhan pengguna merupakan kunci atas keberhasilan implementasi sistem. Dalam tugas akhir ini digunakan metode observasi dan wawancara dengan beberapa individu yang terkait. Permasalahan yang ada pada saat ini yang menjadi pertimbangan dalam desain sistem adalah:
• Perusahaan membutuhkan tool/alat untuk melakukan perhitungan tariff premi asuransi.
Desain Aplikasi
Penerjemahan kebutuhan sistem ke dalam suatu aplikasi, baik dari segi pemodelan proses bisnis yang berlangsung, pemodelan dari sisi programming dan aplikasi, maupun pemodelan alur data. Pemodelan dari sisi programming dan aplikasi menggunakan OOAD (Object Oriented Aided Design) untuk kemudahan memodelkan fungsi, tetapi diimplementasikan pada perangkat lunak Microsoft Visual Basic dan Microsoft Access XP. Dari tahap definisi use case diagram, actor yang terlibat dalam sistem: 1. Administrator, 2. Producer/Insured Sedangkan proses atau use case yang dibutuhkan adalah: Use case Catat Asuransi, Use case Catat Common, Use case Catat Barang, Use case Catat Pengepakan, Use case Catat Resiko, Use case Catat Pengangkutan, Use case Catat Perjalanan, Use case Catat Keterangan, Use case Cari Nomor Catat Asuransi, Use case Bandingkan Pencatatan Asuransi, Use case Hitung Premi, Use case Catat Sertifikat, Use case Buat Sertifikat, Use case Cari No Catat Asuransi (sertifikat), Use case Cari Nomor Catat Sertifikat, Use case Cetak Asuransi, Use case Cetak Faktur, Use case Balik Nomor Sertifikat, Use case Lihat Status, Use case Ganti Password, Use case Catat Asuransi Sampul Terbuka Gab, Use case Catat Asuransi Sampul Terbuka, Use case Catat Asuransi Sampul Terbuka1, Use case Catat Asuransi Sampul Terbuka2, Use case Catat Asuransi Sampul Terbuka3, Use case Catat Asuransi Sampul Terbuka4, Use case Catat Pengguna, Use case Catat Klien, Use case Rate Simulation.
5. UJI COBA
Berdasarkan implementasi diuji coba dan analisis terhadap sistem yang telah dibuat. Hasil dari uji coba ini nantinya dapat digunakan sebagai masukan dalam pengembangan aplikasi di masa mendatang. Secara umum, pengujian dilakukan dengan variasi skenario.
Lingkungan Uji Coba
Uji coba untuk aplikasi perhitungan tariff premi ini dilakukan dalam lingkungan sebagai berikut:
a. Spesifikasi perangkat keras:
• Prosesor Intel Pentium 1.6 GHz
• Memory 512 MB
• Kapasitas harddisk 80 GB
b. Sistem operasi yang digunakan: Microsoft Windows XP Professional Versi 2002 Service Pack 2
c. Perangkat Database: Microsoft Office Access 2003
d. Visual Programming: Microsoft Visual Studio 6.0 Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0
Skenario Uji Coba
Pada dasarnya uji coba akan selalu dilakukan terhadap beberapa kondisi yang berbeda. Uji coba yang dilakukan adalah uji coba yang dilakukan apabila seorang melakukan asuransi dengan parameter yang berbeda-beda. Metode uji coba kebenaran ini dilakukan dengan membandingkan
perhitungan manual yaitu dengan menggunakan aplikasi Microsoft Excel dan perhitungan dengan menggunakan aplikasi perhitungan. Selain itu juga dilakukan uji coba kelayakan aplikasi
terhadap seorang pengguna aplikasi perhitungan. Berikut penjelasan skenario uji coba.
Uji Coba Verifikasi (uji coba kebenaran)
Pengujian kebenaran ini dilakukan dengan cara membandingkan hasil perhitungan tarif premi antara perhitungan dengan menggunakan aplikasi Microsoft Excel dan perhitungan tarif premi dengan menggunakan aplikasi perhitungan. Uji coba ini akan dilakukan dengan dua skenario yaitu
a. Skenario Perhitungan Tarif Premi Asuransi. Data-data yang diuji akan dimisalkan sesuai dengan asuransi yang sering terjadi dalam perusahaan asuransi PT. Tugu Pratama Indonesia.
b. Skenario Penyesuaian Tarif Premi Sesuai dengan Tertanggung.
Uji coba ini dilakukan dengan situasi bahwa seorang tertanggung melakukan asuransi tetapi tarif premi yang dibebankan terlalu besar atau terlalu beresiko untuk melakukan pengangkutan, dengan situasi demikian maka parameter-parameter yang diberikan tertanggung akan diubah sehingga tarif premi 6 yang dibebankan sesuai dengan keinginan tertanggung.
Uji Coba Validasi
Pengujian validasi ini dilakukan dengan cara melakukan kuisioner terhadap pengguna aplikasi. Kuisioner ini sesuai dengan apakah parameter-parameter yang didapat dari aplikasi perhitungan sesuai dengan parameter yang menjadi faktor perhitungan tarif prmi asuransi. Uji coba ini juga akan menguji implementasi antar muka, apakah implementasi antar-muka ini mudah dilakukan masukan-masukan tiap-tiap parameternya atau tidak.
6. PENUTUP DAN SARAN
Dari hasil Tugas Akhir ini dapat disimpulkan beberapa hal seperti berikut:
a. Aplikasi perhitungan tarif premi ini berhasil menyelesaikan masalah yang dihadapi oleh perusahaan asuransi PT. Tugu Pratama Indonesia dalam memberikan dukungan keputusan penentuan tarif premi asuransi.
b. Berdasarkan hasil uji cobadapat disimpulkan bahwa:
• Hasil uji coba verifikasi menunjukkan bahwa memberikan hasil yang sama dengan hasil perhitungan menggunakan perangkat lunak Excel yang selama ini dilakukan
• Hasil uji coba validasi menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi perhitungan tarif premi selain memudahkan pengguna juga sudah memenuhi keinginan pengguna.
7. DAFTAR PUSTAKA
[UU-92] Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 2 Tahun 1992 tentang Usaha Perasuransian Bab 1, Pasal 1.
[TP-05] Underwriting Manual KARGO ANGKUTAN LAUT. (2005), P.T. Tugu Pratama Indonesia.
[JF-76] Forrester, Jay W., 1976, “Principles of System”, Wright Helen Press Inc.
[TP-04] Profil Perusahaan. (2004), P.T. Tugu Pratama Indonesia.
[MF- 04] Fowler, Martin, 2004, “UML Distiled edisi ketiga Panduan singkat Tentang Bahasa Pemodelan Objek Standar”, Pearson Education, Inc.
Pendapat:
Pendapat saya mengenai jurnal di atas adalah isi dalam jurnal tersebut cukup bagus. Dalam jurnal ini masih da kekurangan dalam penggunaan EYD-nya, yaitu kata bantu yang berlebihan. Contohnya, yaitu kalimat yang terdapat pada bab pendahuluan d paragraph ke 2 jurnal ini menggunakan kata bantu seperti kata sehingga, akan, semakin sehingga menimbulkan keracuan dalam membacanya. Seharusnya kalimat yang tepat cukup dengan kata sehingga saja, kalimat yang benar sebagai berikut “Tujuan dibuatnya Aplikasi Perhitungan Tarif Premi Asuransi adalah untuk mengelolah dan mengkomputerisasi tari premi asuransi sehingga dapat mengikuti perkembangan……..”. Pada paragraph yang sama tapi terdapat dalam kalimat ke dua, yaitu masih dalam bentuk ejaan yang kurang tepat. Kalimat yang seharusnya adalah “Aplikasi sitem pendukung keputusan untuk pihak manajemen yang digunakan untuk menghitung dalam menentukan jumlah premi………”. Kekurangan yang keduanya adalah tidak adanya contoh perhitungan premi asuransinya.
Adanya kekurangan di dalam jurnal tersebut pasti ada juga kelebihan dalam jurnal ini. Kelebihannya adalah adanya gambar dari asuransi laut. Saran saya agar jurnal ini dapat melengkapi pembahasannya dengan penambahan contoh perhitungan premi asuransi dengan menggunakan aplikasi. Penambahan tersebut bertujuan agar para pembaca lebih memahami apliaksi perhitungan tarif premi asuransi yang terdapat pada studi kasus di perusahaan asuransi Tugu Pratama Indonesia Cabang Surabaya.
